Audit and feedback using the Robson classification to reduce caesarean section rates: a systematic review

BACKGROUND In most regions worldwide, caesarean section (CS) rates are increasing. In these settings, new strategies are needed to reduce CS rates. OBJECTIVES To identify, critically appraise and synthesise studies using the Robson classification as a system to categorise and analyse data in clinical audit cycles to reduce CS rates. SEARCH STRATEGY Medline, Embase, CINAHL and LILACS were searched from 2001 to 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Studies reporting use of the Robson classification to categorise and analyse data in clinical audit cycles to reduce CS rates. DATA COLLECTION Data on study design, interventions used, CS rates, and perinatal outcomes were extracted. RESULTS Of 385 citations, 30 were assessed for full text review and six studies, conducted in Brazil, Chile, Italy and Sweden, were included. All studies measured initial CS rates, provided feedback and monitored performance using the Robson classification. In two studies, the audit cycle consisted exclusively of feedback using the Robson classification; the other four used audit and feedback as part of a multifaceted intervention. Baseline CS rates ranged from 20 to 36.8%; after the intervention, CS rates ranged from 3.1 to 21.2%. No studies were randomised or controlled and all had a high risk of bias. CONCLUSION We identified six studies using the Robson classification within clinical audit cycles to reduce CS rates. All six report reductions in CS rates; however, results should be interpreted with caution because of limited methodological quality. Future trials are needed to evaluate the role of the Robson classification within audit cycles aimed at reducing CS rates. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Use of the Robson classification in clinical audit cycles to reduce caesarean rates.